Virtual Teams A Threat Of Globalization Of Business Essay

The use of virtual teams as a result of globalization of business is on the rise. However, several challenges have made virtual teams difficult to implement. Amongst such challenges are time differences between global locations, technological setbacks, data transmission and bandwidth, trust, number of meeting, and others. Coupled with real time discussions and actions, many global companies that addressed above challenges were successful in forming and implementing global virtual teams. Overall, the efficiencies measured in terms of quality and quantity increased as a result of the use of virtual teams within global organizations. INTRODUCTION With constant and rapid innovation in the IT domain, many global organizations are moving to virtual team structures in order to improve productivity and maintain synchronicity within their global structure. Many companies have had success in forming global virtual teams, though some have failed. As technology improves, there is a question of increasing effectiveness of virtual teams. It is currently accepted that virtual teams are typically less productive than traditional face to face teams. Global organizations span many time zones, and so temporal variances can play a large factor for teams whose members reside in time zones with substantial time differences. Bandwidth of communication can also be a hindrance for global organizations as well. Teams that need to share data remotely face problems when dealing with largeShow MoreRelatedThe Challenges of Globalization: Best Practices and the Correct Approach to Cross-Cultural Understanding and Cooperation1875 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Globalization Introduction A great deal of research and reporting has gone into the emerging international movement known as globalization and the business ramifications of globalization has been reviewed and analyzed as the main focus of globalization. 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Medias Influence on Crime in Postmodern Society - 970 Words

How do the Media Influence our understandings about crime in postmodern society? Can they also influence levels of crime? The media has a huge influence on how crime is presented and perceived. In fact, the media might even have an impact on crime prevalence and type. Reiner (2007) points out that hard scientific evidence shows that television viewing affects the ways children behave, and that children imitate violent images, (Reiner, 2007, p. 302). Based on this information, it is not just the news media that may be to blame for some types of crime rate increases. Violent video games could also be implicated in overall desensitiziation or normalization of violence. Desensitization might cause individuals to perpetrate criminal acts. Alternatively, desensitization from overexposure to media might cause some individuals to condone or under-report crime. Media depicting law enforcement and other social institutions in a negative light could also lead to an antagonistic view of the law, leading to a general sense of anomie. It has long been feared that the media is a significant cause of offending, (Reiner, 2007, p. 302). In addition to the desensitization to violent imagery that may occur via exposure to the media, individuals may also be cultivating anomie: the condition of social apathy. The types of violence that are shown in the media, news media and otherwise, also reveal a sick postmodern society. Within this framework, some types of crime might take place moreShow MoreRelatedDoes Pornography Exploit or Liberate Women? Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesincreases the rates of sexually-motivated crimes (Dworkin, 1981; Morgan, 2001); whilst on the other end of the exploitation/liberation spectrum, many others believe pornography to be extremely artistic and liberating for both men and women (McElroy, 1998; Tatchell, 2008). This essay will also investigate the role of women in various societal institutions such as employment, family and the home; and in specific cases, how pornography can relate to, in fluence and equally be influenced by these institutionsRead MoreThe Media Effects Model of Communication Essays2269 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"There are many fascinating questions to be explored about the influence of the media upon our perceptions, and ways of thinking and being in the world† (Gauntlett, 2005). As a result of this over 10,000 studies have been conducted which have looked at the consumption of violent media and the differing responses to different forms of the media amongst different people (Ferrell, 2005). The idea of the media effects debate was originally proposed by the Frankfurt School as a result of people’s reactionsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The Basis Of Public Fear2219 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will look at the way in which juvenile delinquency came into existence and became the basis of public fear. It will look at the way the concept of ‘childhood’ was developed and the way in which laws brought juvenile delinquenc y in to the media’s concern. In order to understand the way in which juvenile delinquency was legislated we need to understand the basis of juvenile delinquency which starts from the process of ‘childhood’. This concept of childhood was not in existence before the 17thRead MoreSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Words   |  18 PagesWednesday 13th June, am Unit 4 exam: Tuesday 19th June, pm Easter Revision: tbc A2 Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 3: Mass Media (SCLY3) Worth 20% of your final A Level Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes 60 marks available Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods (SCLY4) Worth 30% of your final A Level Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. Make sure you cover everything

On philosophy Free Essays

Virginia Held, in her article Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory, claims that the historical groundings of the precepts of philosophy, including the sets of ethical theories and positions, and philosophy in general have been erected from the viewpoints of men and that the ideas involved are not entirely â€Å"gender-neutral† as they appear to claim themselves (Held). One can observe that throughout the stretch of the time that encompassed the early stages of philosophy up to the time of the industrial revolution and the onset of the age of globalization, men have dominated the field of philosophy. Women in the past societies in particular were given very minimal role in social activities and endeavors inasmuch as most of these women were simply confined to their homes and their tasks were greatly deprived of social participation (Claassen and Joyce). We will write a custom essay sample on On philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This observation leads us to the assumption that, because of these deterring factors on the very presence of women in the society, women have also played very little part in the development of philosophy in general and the number of philosophical discussions all-over the world. The rise of feminism alongside and the shift in the patriarchal patterns that loomed over societies, however, have appeared to dissolve one by one the barriers that isolate women from having a part in the philosophical plane. One can further analyze that Virginia appears to argue that what the philosophy we know of today is the product of the past philosophizing done in large part by men. Richard Brandt, for this matter, has principally endorsed in some of his works the idea of overcoming bias and prejudice in the very precepts of morality (Stevenson). This observation appears to relieve Brandt of the accusations hurled by Virginia towards the evolution of philosophy throughout the decades that humanity has dwelled on its rough, intricate, and oftentimes bewildering edges. Brandt argues that passion should not be allowed to intervene whenever we are to delve into matters that concern morality for it blurs the capacity of our reason and thinking on equally significant moral issues (Brandt). If this is the case, indeed Brandt may have already swung himself off the reaches of Virginia’s accusations with regards to traditional philosophy for the reason that traditional philosophy has been seen to be relished with all sorts of manly traces. The suggestion being offered by Brandt is one that relieves philosophy of any bias towards a specific gender in any working context, one that seeks to salvage the philosophy we know today from the dregs of traditional philosophy. However, there remains the contention that even if Brandt is arguing for an objective quest, at least in terms of the moral precepts and moral traditions that humanity has strongly held through time, the very fact that Brandt sees his world from a man’s point of view can be a point of contention. This taunts one to pose questions of uncertainty and credibility with regards to his claim of a rationalizing empty of passion and bias. If Virginia Held is aptly precise and right with her argument, it appears, then, that Brandt’s perception on philosophy and that of morality is not thoroughly empty of bias for the reason that the latter sees the world from the understanding and vision of man whereas women might have a differing view with regards to what they know of about the world they both live in. This leads us to the assumption that, granted Virginia’s arguments are strongly founded, Brandt’s ideas and the rest of his arguments cannot entirely be empty of bias given the fact that he is a man and that a woman thinks rather differently to those of males. And there has indeed been numerous interpretations that separates from traditional philosophy, especially from a feminist approach where women are treated as individuals who also share roles in the society in general. Capital punishment and killings in war Capital punishment is typically utilized in order to put unlawful people before the justice system of societies and put an end to their unlawful means—and to their lives—thereby removing further instances of committing heinous crimes by the same criminal. War killings, on the other hand, are primarily taken to be understood as killings in the battlefield, especially in times of war wherein combatants or armies from the opposing sides are granted by their authorities to obtain their mission through every possible means—such as gunning down the enemy—in order to not only deter the enemy from advancing further but also to finally put an end to the enemy’s existence. From a Kantian perspective, both capital punishment and killings in war are immoral acts in the sense that both of these essentially take away the lives of men which is, on the other hand, strictly against the moral imperatives. Basically, Kant suggests that taking away the life of another individual cannot be justified because it is not the right thing to do at whatever given situation. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, provides us with another view that implies that both capital punishment and war killings can be morally justified given that both of these promote the general good or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. That is, taking away the life of another individual can be justified in the ethical issues given that the basis for the action is justifiable. And this moral theory asserts that actions can indeed be justified, specifically in the context of the measurement of happiness and its consequent effects on the welfare and happiness of the greatest number of individuals. However, the strand of rule utilitarianism splits from this claim because it argues that rules should not be bent just for the attainment of general happiness which, in this case, is taken to mean that moral precepts and legal rules concerning life should never be flexed in order to fit the situation. Quite on the contrary, the very situations of capital punishment and killings in war should be critically analyzed based on these precepts and rules in order to arrive at the greatest happiness for the greatest number. William Godwin William Godwin is not inclined towards prejudice and thought it as the source of much that is wrong in the world as he also stressed the significant role of impartiality. The value of human life should be taken as a central part of the analysis of Godwin’s claim primarily because in order for the individual to be able to arrive at a sound judgment the individual should nevertheless take a look into the course of the years that have molded the life that he or she possesses (Monro). Prejudice, on the contrary, creates the notion of selectivity wherein the individual may be inclined to prefer this from that or, in another context, this person from another person for a number of reasons pegged on the selective attitude of the person. Without a concern for the value of human life, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at an impartial attitude towards others primarily because without having a universal sense of benevolence towards mankind in general impartiality can hardly be attained. Hence, in order for one to be able to embrace the idea that prejudice is the source of much that is wrong in the world, one ought to be impartial both in deeds and in thoughts. With a firm consideration on the value of human life among all of humanity, one cannot easily stray away from the holds of an impartial treatment towards other people and that one cannot straightforwardly resort to prejudice. Without having a sense of attachment towards the primacy and value of human life, it would be quite difficult as well, if not more, to act truthfully as a benevolent individual empty of prejudice in thought and deed or to at least pretend to be like an impartial individual. Kant and Singer’s animal rights Kant says that duty is the inevitability or necessity of functioning out of a strict observation for laws that are universal. Consequently, the worth or value of the action done by the individual in terms of moral contexts is essentially drawn from the intention of the action. Moreover, Kant’s treatment of a maxim can be briefly summarized as a given principle upon which one acts such that its nature is based on the manner in the expression of the intention. Thus, the content of the actions in terms of intent have an important role in Kantian ethics. This content can be further expressed in two manners. The first states that there are maxims or imperatives which stipulate that there are acts based on the desires of the individual. This is what Kant calls the hypothetical imperative. On the other hand, those which are based on reason and not merely dependent on one’s desires belong to the categorical imperative. The latter type deals with what ought to be done. All these can be roughly transposed and summarized into Kant’s conception of the practical imperative which claims that one ought to act to treat human beings as ends in themselves and never merely as a means to any given end, whether the individual is the self or another person. Peter Singer argues that ethical precepts should be extended so that it will encompass animals as well. If this is the case, and if we are to place this in the context of Kant’s proposition, then we are to arrive at the idea that, after ethical precepts have been made to be understood to encompass animals, no one is to treat any animal as means in order to arrive at certain ends but rather as the very ends themselves. Kant would disagree with Singer in the sense that the former’s theory is anchored on the rationality of human beings whereas animals are empty of rational capacity. Singer, on the other hand, would disagree with Kant in this notion primarily because animals also have rights and that these rights should be also recognized within the ethical sphere. References Arthur, John. Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social and Political Philosophy. 7th ed: Prentice Hall, 2004. Brandt, Richard B. â€Å"A Motivational Theory of Excuses in the Criminal Law.†Ã‚   Morality, Utilitarianism, and Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 252. Claassen, Cheryl, and Rosemary A. Joyce. â€Å"Women in Prehistory.† American Antiquity 63.1 (1998): 175. Held, Virginia. â€Å"Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory.† Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50.Supplement (1990): 321. Monro, D. H. â€Å"Godwin’s Moral Philosophy: An Interpretation of William Godwin.† Ethics 64.2 (1954): 134. Stevenson, Charles L. â€Å"Brandt’s Questions About Emotive Ethics.† The Philosophical Review 59.4 (1950): 529.    How to cite On philosophy, Essay examples

Statistics Business Research Methods Employee Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Statistics Business Research Methods for Employee Motivation. Answer: Introduction This research study emphasizes on the aspect of the impact of employee motivation through a reward system. The organization that is considered in this research study is Woolworths, which is the largest supermarket/grocery store chain in Australia. In recent times they have 111,000 employees in 980 stores across Australia, as well as a further 16 convenience storesand desires to increase the number through their different employee motivation approached among which reward system is the most effective (Woolworths Online 2016). This section comprises of the aim and objectives of the research along with the research questions and hypothesis to present an overview of the entire study. Research Aims The aim of the research is to find out the impact of the reward system adopted by Woolworth for motivating their employee so that they can deserve their best to satisfy the needs of the customer's demand. Research Objectives To analyze major components that influence employee motivation To investigate different procedure of reward system To find out the effect of reward system on employee motivation in Woolworth To recommend the most effective reward system for the organization Research Questions What are the major components that influence employee motivation? What are the different procedures of reward system? What are the effects of reward system on employee motivation in Woolworths? What is the most effective reward system for the organization? Research Hypothesis H1: Rewards system motivate the employee in the workplace H0: Rewards system do not motivate the employee in the workplace Literature Review Introduction Graves et al. (2013) stated that employee motivation is a psychological force that brings forward the level of energy, commitment and creativity for obtaining the organizational goals. Leading companies like Woolworth implemented some effective practices that are responsible for motivating their employees- two-way communication between workers and managers, the procedure for evaluating individuals natures and most importantly reward and recognition system of the employee (Lepper and Greene 2015). In this research work, the reward system is taken into consideration that enhances the working procedure for better results. Role of the Reward system Giel et al. (2013) depicts that the employee within an organization is attracted towards two goals- earning a paycheckand provide them quality work. However, incentives, offering new job roles, responsibility, and recognitions are the motivation factors, which help an employee to work with more dedication. There are two modes for motivating the employees- intrinsic and extrinsic way to motivate working personnel (Cerasoli et al. 2014). In the first mode of motivation, an organization is responsible for providing emotional and physiological rewards to the employee that are acceptance, honor, social status, high designation and challenging job responsibilities. Reiss (2012) on the other hand, illustrates that a majority of the employee are looking for financial rewards more than a no n-financial rewards. As a result, an organization provides employee of the month, bonuses, benefits package and organized activities. Figure 1: The components of total reward (Source: Reiss 2012) In order to maximize the positive impact, the reward system is being introduced in the organization. It helps the organization to obtain motivation, job engagement and organizational commitments and the component of the total rearward comprises of transactional rewards and relational rewards. Types of rewards Payment by Result Employees are paid based on their performance. If they perform more than their targeted job, they can obtain incentives. Skills-based pay Employees receive pay for the skills or competencies and they get better recognition depending on their ability Profit sharing Organization awarded the working personnel with company shares or a percentage of the company's profit based on their performance Recognition Recognition is the demonstration of appreciation that is regarded as only adders and their no replacements for pay. Verbal and written recognition, work-related recognition, financial recognition, social recognition and tangible recognition are some of the recognition procedure adopted by the organization. Research Methodology In this section, the approach that is used for doing the research will be illustrated. This section also comprised of research philosophy, approach, design and data collection process along with the sampling techniques and samples. Research Philosophy Mackey and Gass (2015) depicts that there are three research philosophy- positivism, realism and interpretivism. In positivism research philosophy, evaluates various philosophical aspects of research and the realism deals with the scientific inquiry, models and theory of the concept. Lastly, in interpretivism is a philosophy where data taken from respondents is necessary and in this positivism, research philosophy will be applied. Research Approach Inductive and Deductive are the two types of research approaches wherein inductive approach formulation of new theories and deductive approach signifies the testing of previous theories or models of the particular research study (Flick 2015). In this research work, the deductive approach will be performed so that the research work can be supported with the previous research work. Research Purpose Discussed by McNabb (2015), there are three types of research purpose- exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Exploratory research purpose is used in the long-term process of research; while in inductive approach, the ideas for understanding the cause and effect are linked with each other. Lastly, in descriptive research, the models are elaborated to get a better understanding. In this research work, the descriptive purpose for detailed exploration of the research will be used. Data Collection Method There are two methods through which the data can be collected for accomplishing the research- primary and secondary data collection. Primary data is collected by the interviews, surveys and questionnaires method and secondary data is collected by the published data in journals, books, blogs and websites (Englander 2012). In this research work, the primary data collection will be taken into consideration. Sampling Method Probability and non-probability sampling technique are the two sampling techniques that are used for this research and in this research; the probability sampling technique is used. Larson, and Csikszentmihalyi 2014) defines that in profanity method all the respondents get the equal chance to participate in the data while in the non-probability method, not all respondents get the equal chance. Sample Size In this research, 75 employees of Woolworths are considered for qualitative data analysis and two managers are selected for a personal interview for quantitative data collection. Thus there is a sample size of 77. Summary Employee motivation also plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency relying on the qualifications and abilities of the employee. This results in the high productivity and profitability in low operational cost and improves overall efficiency. This research proposal is aimed at investigating the research for measuring the impact of reward system on the employee motivation. In order to complete the research, primary data collection from employees and managers of the organization is collected and qualitative and quantitative analysis will be formed. At the end of the research, a recommendation of the most effective reward system will be estimated during the research work from the employees of the organization. Reference List Cerasoli, C.P., Nicklin, J.M. and Ford, M.T., 2014. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,140(4), p.980. Englander, M., 2012. The interview: Data collection in descriptive phenomenological human scientific research.Journal of Phenomenological Psychology,43(1), pp.13-35. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Giel, K.E., Kullmann, S., Preil, H., Bischoff, S.C., Thiel, A., Schmidt, U., Zipfel, S. and Teufel, M., 2013. Understanding the reward system functioning in anorexia nervosa: crucial role of physical activity.Biological psychology,94(3), pp.575-581. Graves, L.M., Sarkis, J. and Zhu, Q., 2013. How transformational leadership and employee motivation combine to predict employee proenvironmental behaviors in China.Journal of Environmental Psychology,35, pp.81-91. Larson, R. and Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. The experience sampling method. InFlow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology(pp. 21-34). Springer Netherlands. Lepper, M.R. and Greene, D., 2015.The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation. Psychology Press. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. McNabb, D.E., 2015.Research methods for political science: Quantitative and qualitative methods. Routledge. Reiss, S., 2012. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.Teaching of Psychology,39(2), pp.152-156. Woolworths Online. 2016.Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016].